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Pinacidil is a potent activator of potassium channel. Pinacidil is an antihypertensive agent which hyperpolarises vascular smooth muscle by opening K +-channels. Pinacidil significantly improves the reperfusion function and cardiac compliance. Pinacidil has direct cardioprotective efficacy .
Jingzhaotoxin-III is a potent and selective blocker of Nav1.5 channels, with an IC50 of 348 nM, and shows no effect on other sodium channel isoforms. Jingzhaotoxin-III can selectively inhibit the activation of cardiac sodium channel but not neuronal subtypes, and hopefully represents an important ligand for discriminating cardiac VGSC subtype .
Anthopleurin-A is a soidum channel toxin. Anthopleurin-A is selective for cardiacchannels and has cardiotonic effect. Anthopleurin-A can be isolated from the sea anemone .
Anthopleurin-A TFA is a soidum channel toxin. Anthopleurin-A TFA is selective for cardiacchannels and has cardiotonic effect. Anthopleurin-A TFA can be isolated from the sea anemone .
Jingzhaotoxin-II, a 32 amino acid residues including two acidic and two basic residues, is a neurotoxin. Jingzhaotoxin-II inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) that significantly slows rapid inactivation of TTX-resistant (TTX-R) VGSC on cardiac myocytes with the IC50 of 0.26 μM .
TRPM4-IN-1 (CBA) is a potent and selective inhibitor of the cation channelTRPM4, with an IC50 of 1.5 μM. TRPM4-IN-1 can be used for the research of cardiac diseases and prostate cancer .
Nicardipine hydrochloride (YC-93) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine hydrochloride acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
Budiodarone (ATI-2042) tartrate is a chemical analogue of Amiodarone (HY-14187) with balanced, multiple cardiac ion channel (potassium, sodium and calcium channels) inhibiting activity. Budiodarone tartrate is an antiarrhythmic agent .
Nicardipine (YC-93 free base) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
TBAJ-587, a potent anti-tuberculosis agent, inhibits M.tb strain H37Rv growth with MIC90s of 0.006 and <0.02 µg/mL in MABA and LORA assay, respectively. TBAJ-587 inhibits hERG channel minimally, attenuates inhibition of the cardiac potassium channel protein coded by the hERG, which is important for cardiac repolarization .
m-Nifedipine is an impurity of Nifedipine (BAY-a-1040). Nifedipine is a potent calcium channel blocker and agent of choice for cardiac insufficiencies .
Nicorandil (SG-75) is a potent potassium channel activator and targets vascular nucleoside diphosphate-dependent K +channels and cardiac ATP-sensitive K +channels (KATP). Nicorandil is a nicotinamide ester with vasodilatory and cardioprotective effects and has the potential for angina and forischemic heart diseases .
Nifedipine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Nifedipine. Nifedipine (BAY-a-1040) is a potent calcium channel blocker and agent of choice for cardiac insufficiencies.
(S)-Nicardipine ((S)-YC-93 free base) is the less active S enantiomer of Nicardipine. Nicardipine is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
Procainamide hydrochloride is an anti-arrhythmic agent and is used to treat cardiac arrhythmia; induces rapid block of the batrachotoxin(BTX)-activated sodium channels of the heart muscle and acts as antagonist to long gating closures.
Nifedipine (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nifedipine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nifedipine (BAY-a-1040) is a potent calcium channel blocker and agent of choice for cardiac insufficiencies.
Nicardipine-d3 (hydrochloride) (YC-93 D3) is the deuterium labeled Nicardipine hydrochloride. Nicardipine hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine hydrochloride acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure[1].
Nicardipine-d4 hydrochloride is deuterated labeled Nicardipine hydrochloride (HY-12515A). Nicardipine hydrochloride (YC-93) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine hydrochloride acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
Disopyramide (Dicorantil) is a class IA antiarrhythmic agent with efficacy in ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Disopyramide blocks the fast inward sodium current of cardiac muscle and prolongs the duration of cardiac action potentials. Disopyramide inhibits HERG encoded potassiumchannels. Disopyramide also exhibits complex protein binding, and has a potent negative inotropic action .
Disopyramide phosphate is a class IA antiarrhythmic agent with efficacy in ventricular and atrial arrhythmias. Disopyramide phosphate blocks the fast inward sodium current of cardiac muscle and prolongs the duration of cardiac action potentials. Disopyramide phosphate inhibits HERG encoded potassiumchannels. Disopyramide phosphate also exhibits complex protein binding, and has a potent negative inotropic action .
(R)-Nicardipine ((R)-YC-93 free base) is the less active R enantiomer of Nicardipine. Nicardipine (YC-93) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
Azimilide (NE-10064) dihydrochloride is a class III antiarrhythmic compound, inhibits I(Ks) and I(Kr) in guinea-pig cardiac myocytes and I(Ks) (minK) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Azimilide(NE-10064) is a class III antiarrhythmic compound, inhibits I(Ks) and I(Kr) in guinea-pig cardiac myocytes and I(Ks) (minK) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Cesium chloride is a blocker of potassium channel. Cesium chloride prevents the decrease of Na + transport produced by Alloxan . Cesium chloride has induced cardiac arrhythmias, including torsade de pointes in animal models .
Nicorandil-d4 (SG-75-d4) is the deuterium labeled Nicorandil. Nicorandil (SG-75) is a potent potassium channel activator and targets vascular nucleoside diphosphate-dependent K+ channels and cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP). Nicorandil is a nicotinamide ester with vasodilatory and cardioprotective effects and has the potential for angina and forischemic heart diseases[1][2][3].
Diltiazem is an orally active L-type Ca 2+channel blocker. Diltiazem shows antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects. Diltiazem can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, and angina pectoris .
Bepridil hydrochloride hydrate ((±)-Bepridil hydrochloride hydrate) is a non-selective, long-acting Ca +channel antagonist and Na +, K +channel inhibitor, with antianginal and type I antiarrhythmic effects. Bepridil hydrochloride hydrate also acts as a cardiacNa +/Ca2 + exchange (NCX1) inhibitor. Bepridil hydrochloride hydrate can be used for the research of cardiovascular disorders .
Flecainide acetate (R-818) is a class 1C antiarrhythmic agent especially used for the management of supraventricular arrhythmia; works by blocking the Nav1.5 sodium channel in the heart, causing prolongation of the cardiac action potential.
Diltiazem malate is a potent and orally active L-type calcium channel inhibitor. Diltiazem malate shows antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects. Diltiazem malate can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, and angina pectoris .
m-Nifedipine (Standard) is the analytical standard of m-Nifedipine. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. m-Nifedipine is an impurity of Nifedipine (BAY-a-1040). Nifedipine is a potent calcium channel blocker and agent of choice for cardiac insufficiencies .
S107 is an orally available, blood brain barrier-permeable compound, which stabilizes RyR2channels by enhancing the binding of calstabin 2 to the mutant Ryr2-R2474S channel. S107 inhibits Ca 2+ leakage from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and prevents cardiac arrhythmias and raises the seizure threshold .
Azimilide-d8 (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Azimilide dihydrochloride. Azimilide Dihydrochloride (NE-10064 Dihydrochloride) is a class III antiarrhythmic compound, inhibits I(Ks) and I(Kr) in guinea-pig cardiac myocytes and I(Ks) (minK) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Diltiazem-d6 is the deuterium labeled Diltiazem. Diltiazem is an orally active L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects. Diltiazem can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, and angina pectoris[1][2][3].
TAM-16 is a potent and orally active polyketide synthase 13 (Pks13) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 0.32 μM. TAM-16 has promising activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TAM-16 inhibits hERG cardiac ion channel .
Flecainide-d4 (acetate) is the deuterium labeled Flecainide acetate. Flecainide acetate (R-818) is a class 1C antiarrhythmic agent especially used for the management of supraventricular arrhythmia; works by blocking the Nav1.5 sodium channel in the heart, causing prolongation of the cardiac action potential[1][2].
SOICR-IN-1 (compound 32) is a store-overload induced calcium release (SOICR) inhibitor with an IC50 value of 14.6 μM. SOICR-IN-1 can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmias .
Ivabradine hydrochloride is a potent and orally active HCN (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated) channel blocker that inhibits the cardiac pacemaker current (If). Ivabradine hydrochloride reduces dose-dependently heart rate without modification of blood pressure. Ivabradine hydrochloride shows anticonvulsant, anti-ischaemic and anti-anginal activity .
Ivabradine is a potent and orally active HCN (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated) channel blocker that inhibits the cardiac pacemaker current (If). Ivabradine reduces dose-dependently heart rate without modification of blood pressure. Ivabradine shows anticonvulsant, anti-ischaemic and anti-anginal activity .
Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA)channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect .
GSK2798745 is a potent, selective, and orally active transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) ion channel blocker with IC50s of 1.8 and 1.6 nM for hTRPV4 and rTRPV4, respectively. GSK2798745 can be used in cardiac and respiratory diseases research .
Zacopride hydrochloride is a highly potent 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with Kis of 0.38 and 373 nM for 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptor, respectively. Zacopride hydrochloride is also a moderate IK1channel agonist. Zacopride hydrochloride exerts significant antiarrhythmic and cardiac protective effects .
Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is a selective open-channel blocker, inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM. Oxypeucedanin prolongs cardiac action potential duration (APD), is a potential antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation . Oxypeucedanin induces cell apoptosis through inhibition of cancer cell migration .
Hydrochlorothiazid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[1][2][3].
OR-1896 is an active long-lived metabolite of Levosimendan. OR-1896 is a highly selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) III isoform inhibitor and a powerful vasodilator. OR-1896 can open ATP-sensitive K +channels and has Ca 2+-sensitizing effect. OR-1896 mitigates cardiomyocyte apoptosis, cardiac remodeling and myocardial inflammation .
Ivabradine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Ivabradine[1]. Ivabradine is a potent and orally active HCN (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated) channel blocker that inhibits the cardiac pacemaker current (If). Ivabradine reduces dose-dependently heart rate without modification of blood pressure. Ivabradine shows anticonvulsant, anti-ischaemic and anti-anginal activity[2][3][4][5].
Hydrochlorothiazide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hydrochlorothiazide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA)channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect .
Hydrochlorothiazide- 13C6 is the 13C labeled Hydrochlorothiazide[1]. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[2][3][4].
Hydrochlorothiazid- 13C,d2 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[1][2][3].
ent-(+)-verticilide is a potent and selective inhibitor of cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) calcium release channels with antiarrhythmic activity. ent-(+)-verticilide inhibits RyR2-mediated diastolic Ca 2+?leak and exhibits higher potency and a distinct mechanism of action compared with theDantrolene and Tetracaine.?ent-(+)-verticilide is a useful tool to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting RyR2 hyperactivity in heart and brain pathologies .
IDO1-IN-19 (Compound 17) is an orally active IDO1 inhibitor with an IC50 of CYP2C9 of 8.64 μM. IDO1-IN-19 also acts funciton on cardiacchannels, with IC50s of 12 μM (IKr), 40 μM (INa), 8.3 μM (ICa), respectively. IDO1-IN-19 has the potential to study cancer diseases .
Streptomycin (Agrept) is an effective antibiotic against M. tuberculosis, is used for the research of tuberculosis (TB). Streptomycin also is a bacteriocidal agent that can be used for the research of a number of bacterial infections. Streptomycin can bind strongly to nucleic acids, interferes and blocks protein synthesis while permitting continued RNA and DNA synthesis. Streptomycin, as a common antibiotic used in culture media, also is a blocker of stretch-activated and mechanosensitive ion channels in neurons and cardiac myocytes .
Hydrochlorothiazide- 15N2, 13C,d2 is 15N and deuterated labeled Hydrochlorothiazide (HY-B0252). Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA)channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect .
Levobupivacaine hydrochloride ((S)-(-)-Bupivacaine monohydrochloride) is a long-acting amide local anaesthetic. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride exerts anaesthetic and analgesic effects through reversible blockade of neuronal sodium channel. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride can inhibit impulse transmission and conduction in cardiovascular and other tissues, possessing certain cardiac and CNS toxicity. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes in vivo. Levobupivacaine hydrochloride can also induce ferroptosis by miR-489-3p/SLC7A11 signaling in gastric cancer .
Levobupivacaine ((S)-(-)-Bupivacaine) is a long-acting amide local anaesthetic. Levobupivacaine exerts anaesthetic and analgesic effects through reversible blockade of neuronal sodium channel. Levobupivacaine can inhibit impulse transmission and conduction in cardiovascular and other tissues, possessing certain cardiac and CNS toxicity. Levobupivacaine is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes in vivo. Levobupivacaine can also induce ferroptosis by miR-489-3p/SLC7A11 signaling in gastric cancer .
Sodium channels conduct sodium ions (Na+) through a cell's plasma membrane that are the source of excitatory currents for the nervous system and muscle. Na channels are classified according to the trigger that opens the channel for such ions, i.e. either a voltage-change (Voltage-gated, voltage-sensitive, or voltage-dependent sodium channel also called VGSCs or Nav channel) or a binding of a substance (a ligand) to the channel (ligand-gated sodium channels). Dysfunction in voltage-gated sodium channels correlates with neurological and cardiac diseases, including epilepsy, myopathies, pain and cardiac arrhythmias. Sodium channel blockers are used in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmia, pain and convulsion.
MCE offers a unique collection of 129 sodium channel blocker and antagonists, all of which have the identified inhibitory effect on sodium channels. MCE Sodium Channel Blocker Library can be used for neurological and cardiac diseases drug discovery and sodium channel research.
Cesium chloride is a blocker of potassium channel. Cesium chloride prevents the decrease of Na + transport produced by Alloxan . Cesium chloride has induced cardiac arrhythmias, including torsade de pointes in animal models .
Jingzhaotoxin-III is a potent and selective blocker of Nav1.5 channels, with an IC50 of 348 nM, and shows no effect on other sodium channel isoforms. Jingzhaotoxin-III can selectively inhibit the activation of cardiac sodium channel but not neuronal subtypes, and hopefully represents an important ligand for discriminating cardiac VGSC subtype .
Anthopleurin-A is a soidum channel toxin. Anthopleurin-A is selective for cardiacchannels and has cardiotonic effect. Anthopleurin-A can be isolated from the sea anemone .
Anthopleurin-A TFA is a soidum channel toxin. Anthopleurin-A TFA is selective for cardiacchannels and has cardiotonic effect. Anthopleurin-A TFA can be isolated from the sea anemone .
Jingzhaotoxin-II, a 32 amino acid residues including two acidic and two basic residues, is a neurotoxin. Jingzhaotoxin-II inhibits voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC) that significantly slows rapid inactivation of TTX-resistant (TTX-R) VGSC on cardiac myocytes with the IC50 of 0.26 μM .
MCaE12A is a high-affinity modulator of RyR2 and increases RyR2 sensitivity to cytoplasmic calcium concentrations promoting channel opening. MCaE12A acts as an important tool for RyR2 structure-to-function studies as well as for manipulating Ca2+ homeostasis and dynamic of cardiac cell .
Oxypeucedanin is a furocoumarin derivative isolated from Angelica dahurica. Oxypeucedanin is a selective open-channel blocker, inhibits the hKv1.5 current with an IC50 value of 76 nM. Oxypeucedanin prolongs cardiac action potential duration (APD), is a potential antiarrhythmic agent for atrial fibrillation . Oxypeucedanin induces cell apoptosis through inhibition of cancer cell migration .
The CACNA1C protein is the alpha-1C subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels that generate L-type calcium currents that are critical for calcium influx and sarcoplasmic release. Its role in excitation-contraction coupling is critical for cardiac development, rhythm regulation, and smooth muscle cell contraction. CACNA1C Protein, Pig (Cell-Free, His) is the recombinant pig-derived CACNA1C protein, expressed by E. coli Cell-free , with N-10*His labeled tag. The total length of CACNA1C Protein, Pig (Cell-Free, His) is 169 a.a., with molecular weight of 22.3 kDa.
Nicardipine-d3 (hydrochloride) (YC-93 D3) is the deuterium labeled Nicardipine hydrochloride. Nicardipine hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine hydrochloride acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure[1].
Nicorandil-d4 (SG-75-d4) is the deuterium labeled Nicorandil. Nicorandil (SG-75) is a potent potassium channel activator and targets vascular nucleoside diphosphate-dependent K+ channels and cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP). Nicorandil is a nicotinamide ester with vasodilatory and cardioprotective effects and has the potential for angina and forischemic heart diseases[1][2][3].
Nifedipine-d4 is the deuterium labeled Nifedipine. Nifedipine (BAY-a-1040) is a potent calcium channel blocker and agent of choice for cardiac insufficiencies.
Nicardipine-d4 hydrochloride is deuterated labeled Nicardipine hydrochloride (HY-12515A). Nicardipine hydrochloride (YC-93) is a calcium channel blocker with an IC50 of 1 μM for blocking cardiac calcium channels. Nicardipine hydrochloride acts as an agent for chronic stable angina and for controlling blood pressure .
Azimilide-d8 (dihydrochloride) is the deuterium labeled Azimilide dihydrochloride. Azimilide Dihydrochloride (NE-10064 Dihydrochloride) is a class III antiarrhythmic compound, inhibits I(Ks) and I(Kr) in guinea-pig cardiac myocytes and I(Ks) (minK) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes.
Diltiazem-d6 is the deuterium labeled Diltiazem. Diltiazem is an orally active L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, with antihypertensive and antiarrhythmic effects. Diltiazem can be used for the research of cardiac arrhythmia, hypertension, and angina pectoris[1][2][3].
Flecainide-d4 (acetate) is the deuterium labeled Flecainide acetate. Flecainide acetate (R-818) is a class 1C antiarrhythmic agent especially used for the management of supraventricular arrhythmia; works by blocking the Nav1.5 sodium channel in the heart, causing prolongation of the cardiac action potential[1][2].
Hydrochlorothiazid-d2 is the deuterium labeled Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[1][2][3].
Ivabradine-d6 is the deuterium labeled Ivabradine[1]. Ivabradine is a potent and orally active HCN (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated) channel blocker that inhibits the cardiac pacemaker current (If). Ivabradine reduces dose-dependently heart rate without modification of blood pressure. Ivabradine shows anticonvulsant, anti-ischaemic and anti-anginal activity[2][3][4][5].
Hydrochlorothiazide- 13C6 is the 13C labeled Hydrochlorothiazide[1]. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[2][3][4].
Hydrochlorothiazid- 13C,d2 is the 13C- and deuterium labeled Hydrochlorothiazide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA) channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect[1][2][3].
Hydrochlorothiazide- 15N2, 13C,d2 is 15N and deuterated labeled Hydrochlorothiazide (HY-B0252). Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), an orally active diuretic agent of the thiazide class, inhibits transforming TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. Hydrochlorothiazide has direct vascular relaxant effects via opening of the calcium-activated potassium (KCA)channel. Hydrochlorothiazide improves cardiac function, reduces fibrosis and has antihypertensive effect .
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